Emergence of Genotype D1.1

Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b, Genotype D1.1, in Wild Birds and a Human in British Columbia, Canada, 2024.

Himsworth CG, Caleta JM, Jassem AN, Yang KC, Zlosnik JEA, Tyson JR, Wilson L, Kuchinski K, Giacinti J, Willie M, Redford TD, Winchester M, Thacker C, Berhane Y, Burns T, Prystajecky N, Russell S. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Accepted 2025-04-04.

We characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.1 in wild birds and a human. D1.1, the predominant genotype circulating in fall 2024, is a reassortment between Eurasian A3 lineage viruses introduced to North America in 2022 and North American lineage viruses.